Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2022 Population

146,122

0.206% 1-year decline

US Senator

Chuck Schumer

Democratic Party

US Senator

Kirsten Gillibrand

Democratic Party

2022 Median Age

31.9

0.314% 1-year increase

2022 Poverty Rate

29.6%

1.69% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$43,577

7.63% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$117,800

18.8% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

60,111

4.35% 1-year growth

About

In 2022, Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY had a population of 146k people with a median age of 31.9 and a median household income of $43,577. Between 2021 and 2022 the population of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY declined from 146,424 to 146,122, a −0.206% decrease and its median household income grew from $40,486 to $43,577, a 7.63% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are White (Non-Hispanic) (49.2%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (27.2%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (6.9%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (5.5%), and Two+ (Hispanic) (2.9%).

18.5% of the households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

92.8% of the residents in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are Syracuse University (196413) (7,299 degrees awarded in 2022), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (545 degrees), and Upstate Medical University (475 degrees).

In 2022, the median property value in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was $117,800, and the homeownership rate was 40.8%.

Most people in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 17.6 minutes. The average car ownership in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was 1 car per household.

Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY borders Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City (Outer) PUMA, NY.

United States New York

Population & Diversity

Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY is home to a population of 146k people, from which 92.8% are citizens. As of 2022, 12.4% of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY residents were born outside of the country (18.1k people).

In 2022, there were 1.81 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (71.9k people) in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY than any other race or ethnicity. There were 39.8k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 10.1k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are Spanish (7,938 households), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (2,873 households), and Amharic, Somali, or Other Afro-Asiatic Languages (1,963 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

76,294

Women

51.5%

71,964

Men

48.5%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 148,258 inhabitants, with 48.5% men, and 51.5% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

92.8%

2022 Citizenship

92.5%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 92.8% of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was 92.5%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY

White (Non-Hispanic)
71.9k ± 1.53k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
39.8k ± 1.48k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
10.1k ± 686

9.87%

Hispanic Population

14.4k people

9.87% of the people in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are hispanic (14.4k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

China
2,106 ± 1,119 people
Vietnam
1,021 ± 782 people
Myanmar
820 ± 701 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was China, the natal country of 2,106 Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY residents, followed by Vietnam with 1,021 and Myanmar with 820.

Foreign-Born Population

12.4%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

18.1k people

13.3%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

19.4k people

As of 2022, 12.4% of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY residents (18.1k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was 13.3%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
7,938 households (5.78%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
2,873 households (2.09%)
Amharic, Somali, or Other Afro-Asiatic Languages
1,963 households (1.43%)

18.5% of the households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was Spanish. 5.78% of the households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
1,725 ± 313
Gulf War (2001-)
912 ± 199
Gulf War (1990s)
641 ± 197

Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.89 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY employs 60.1k people. The largest industries in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (5,822 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,395 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,894 people), and the highest paying industries are Executive offices & legislative bodies ($125,487), Electronic component & product manufacturing, n.e.c. ($104,020), and Navigational, measuring, electromedical, & control instruments manufacturing ($97,475).

Males in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY have an average income that is 1.07 times higher than the average income of females, which is $54,507. The income inequality in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY (measured using the Gini index) is 0.447, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

29,390

Women

51.9%

27,285

Men

48.1%

The workforce of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY in 2020 was 56,675 people, with 51.9% woman, and 48.1% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

60.1k

2022 Value

4.35%

1 Year growth

± 4.35%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY grew at a rate of 4.35%, from 57.6k employees to 60.1k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, are Janitors & building cleaners (2,125 people), Postsecondary teachers (2,098 people), and Cashiers (1,665 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New York (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

60.1k

2022 Value

4.35%

1 Year growth

± 4.35%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY grew at a rate of 4.35%, from 57.6k employees to 60.1k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, are Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (5,822 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,395 people), and General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (3,894 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, though some of these residents may live in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$37,887

Median earning men ± $2,350

$32,509

Median earning women ± $1,430

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Public Administration ($68,961), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($67,685), and Information ($54,861).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Public Administration ($52,143), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($48,750), and Transportation & Warehousing, & Utilities ($48,365).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

Y-Axis

2.74%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 9.56M people employed in New York. This represents a 2.74% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 19.7%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in New York.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New York went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 60.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (37.5%), followed by Other (0.813%).

Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand are the senators currently representing the state of New York. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New York is currently represented by 26 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY. Showing the available data for New York.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (60.4%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (37.5%)
Republican Party
Other (0.813%)
Alliance, American Solidarity, Becoming One Nation, Constitution, Independent, Other, Party For Socialism And Liberation, Prohibition, and The Birthday Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New York went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 60.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (37.5%), followed by Other (0.813%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New York for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from New York

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

Chuck Schumer

Senator from New York

Assumed office on January 3, 1999

Kirsten Gillibrand

Senator from New York

Assumed office on January 26, 2009
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Hillary Clinton, who had become Secretary of State.

Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand are the senators currently representing New York.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New York over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from New York

New York is currently represented by 26 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New York have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY awarded 8,594 degrees. The student population of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 11,986 male students and 14,573 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are White (4,995 and 66.6%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (734 and 9.79%), Black or African American (573 and 7.64%), and Asian (553 and 7.38%).

The largest universities in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY by number of degrees awarded are Syracuse University (196413) (7,299 and 84.9%), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (545 and 6.34%), and Upstate Medical University (475 and 5.53%).

The most popular majors in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are General Business Administration & Management (374 and 4.35%), Registered Nursing (310 and 3.61%), and Public Administration (292 and 3.4%).

The median tuition costs in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY are $58,440 for private four year colleges, and $7,070 and $18,405 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2022 in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, the percentage of applicants admitted was 52.7%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 19.3%. The number of students enrolled in 2022 was 26,559 (45.1% men and 54.9% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2022 there were 26,559 students enrolled in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, 45.1% men and 54.9% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 14,286 records, of which 56% were women and 44% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Psychology
265 degrees awarded
General Finance
227 degrees awarded
Information Science
188 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was General Psychology with 265 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Syracuse University (196413)
7,299 degrees awarded
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
545 degrees awarded
Upstate Medical University
475 degrees awarded

In 2022, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Syracuse University (196413) with 7,299 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2022, 3,764 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY, which is 0.779 times less than the 4,830 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 4,995 degrees mean that there were 6.81 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 734 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($58,440) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,695) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,582) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 1.62% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 1.5% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (32.6k), Some college (29.6k), and Bachelors Degree (17.5k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was $117,800 in 2022, which is 0.418 times smaller than the national average of $281,900. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $99,200 to $117,800, a 18.8% increase. The homeownership rate in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY is 40.8%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.8%.

People in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY have an average commute time of 17.6 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY is lower than the national average, with an average of 1 car per household.

Median household income in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY is $43,577. In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was NYC-Manhattan Community Districts 1 & 2--Financial District & Greenwich Village PUMA, NY with a value of $171,480, followed by Nassau County (Central)--Hempstead Town (East Central) PUMA, NY and Westchester County (Northeast) PUMA, NY, with respective values of $168,423 and $167,513.

Housing

Property

$117,800

Median Property Value 2022

±$5,108

$23,843

Median Property Taxes

±$1,098

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

40.8%

Homeownership

2022

60.5%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 40.8% of the housing units in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 39.6%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was NYC-Manhattan Community Districts 1 & 2--Financial District & Greenwich Village PUMA, NY with a value of $171,480, followed by Nassau County (Central)--Hempstead Town (East Central) PUMA, NY and Westchester County (Northeast) PUMA, NY, with respective values of $168,423 and $167,513.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$43,577

Median Household Income

± $2,479

58.4k

Number of Households

± 1,820

In 2022, the median household income of the 58.4k households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY grew to $43,577 from the previous year's value of $40,486.

The following chart displays the households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Wage Distribution

0.447

2022 Wage GINI in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY

0.443

2021 Wage GINI in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY

In 2022, the income inequality in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was 0.447 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.972% growth from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (61%)
Walked (9.49%)
Worked At Home (9.34%)

In 2022, 61% of workers in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY drove alone to work, followed by those who walked to work (9.49%) and those who worked at home (9.34%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

17.6 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY have a shorter commute time (17.6 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.7 minutes). Additionally, 1.21% of the workforce in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

1 car

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY have 1 car.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

29.6% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY (38.8k out of 131k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Females 6 - 11.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

95% of the population of Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY has health coverage, with 37.7% on employee plans, 32.9% on Medicaid, 8.58% on Medicare, 14.5% on non-group plans, and 1.25% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in New York see 1174 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.508% decrease from the previous year (1180 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1218 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 299 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New York.

1,174 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in New York

Primary care physicians in New York see an average of 1,174 patients per year. This represents a 0.508% decrease from the previous year (1,180 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in New York in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 24.7% under 18 years, 30.4% between 18 and 34 years, 32.3% between 35 and 64 years, and 12.6% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 46.8% were men and 53.2% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

5.03%

Uninsured

37.7%

Employer Coverage

32.9%

Medicaid

8.58%

Medicare

14.5%

Non-Group

1.25%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY grew by 16.9% from 4.3% to 5.03%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City PUMA, NY changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.

Keep Exploring

New York

State

Onondaga County (Central)--Syracuse City (Outer) PUMA, NY