Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2022 Population

160,189

0.787% 1-year growth

US Senator

Ron Johnson

Republican Party

US Senator

Tammy Baldwin

Democratic Party

2022 Median Age

39.4

0.51% 1-year increase

2022 Poverty Rate

5.54%

7.16% 1-year decrease

2022 Median Household Income

$86,092

7.75% 1-year growth

2022 Median Property Value

$259,200

14.4% 1-year growth

2022 Employed Population

81,334

0.0209% 1-year decline

About

In 2022, Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI had a population of 160k people with a median age of 39.4 and a median household income of $86,092. Between 2021 and 2022 the population of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI grew from 158,938 to 160,189, a 0.787% increase and its median household income grew from $79,901 to $86,092, a 7.75% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are White (Non-Hispanic) (87%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (3.09%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (2.51%), Two+ (Hispanic) (2.05%), and Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (1.59%).

5.76% of the households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

98.6% of the residents in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are Saint Norbert College (649 degrees awarded in 2022), Bellin College (188 degrees), and Empire Beauty School-Green Bay (27 degrees).

In 2022, the median property value in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was $259,200, and the homeownership rate was 70.3%.

Most people in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 19.2 minutes. The average car ownership in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was 2 cars per household.

Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI borders Marinette, Shawano, Oconto, Florence & Menominee Counties PUMA, WI, Outagamie County PUMA, WI, Brown County--City of Green Bay PUMA, WI, and Manitowoc, Door & Kewaunee Counties PUMA, WI.

United States Wisconsin

Population & Diversity

Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI is home to a population of 160k people, from which 98.6% are citizens. As of 2022, 3.13% of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI residents were born outside of the country (5.01k people).

In 2022, there were 28.2 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (139k people) in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI than any other race or ethnicity. There were 4.95k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) and 4.03k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are Spanish (4,744 households), Hmong (998 households), and German (411 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

78,746

Women

49.7%

79,822

Men

50.3%

The resident population of United States in 2022 was 158,568 inhabitants, with 50.3% men, and 49.7% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

98.6%

2022 Citizenship

98.1%

2021 Citizenship

As of 2022, 98.6% of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.5%. In 2021, the percentage of US citizens in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was 98.1%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI

White (Non-Hispanic)
139k ± 1.51k
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
4.95k ± 683
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
4.03k ± 575

4.43%

Hispanic Population

7.09k people

4.43% of the people in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are hispanic (7.09k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
1,033 ± 787 people
India
949 ± 754 people
Philippines
370 ± 472 people

In 2022, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was Mexico, the natal country of 1,033 Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI residents, followed by India with 949 and Philippines with 370.

Foreign-Born Population

3.13%

2022 Foreign-Born Population

5.01k people

3.4%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

5.41k people

As of 2022, 3.13% of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI residents (5.01k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2021, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was 3.4%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
4,744 households (3.13%)
Hmong
998 households (0.658%)
German
411 households (0.271%)

5.76% of the households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2022, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was Spanish. 3.13% of the households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
3,293 ± 393
Gulf War (2001-)
1,834 ± 412
Gulf War (1990s)
998 ± 233

Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.8 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI employs 81.3k people. The largest industries in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are Construction (5,037 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (4,414 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (4,360 people), and the highest paying industries are Offices of physicians ($190,199), Not specified retail trade ($167,880), and Electronic shopping and mail-order houses ($156,534).

Males in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI have an average income that is 1.32 times higher than the average income of females, which is $61,181. The income inequality in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI (measured using the Gini index) is 0.425, which is lower than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

39,301

Women

48.8%

41,176

Men

51.2%

The workforce of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI in 2020 was 80,477 people, with 48.8% woman, and 51.2% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

81.3k

2022 Value

−0.0209%

1 Year decline

± −0.0209%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI declined at a rate of −0.0209%, from 81.4k employees to 81.3k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, are Registered nurses (2,302 people), Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (1,968 people), and Customer service representatives (1,926 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Wisconsin (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

81.3k

2022 Value

−0.0209%

1 Year decline

± −0.0209%

From 2021 to 2022, employment in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI declined at a rate of −0.0209%, from 81.4k employees to 81.3k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, are Construction (5,037 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (4,414 people), and Elementary & secondary schools (4,360 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, though some of these residents may live in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$58,136

Median earning men ± $1,646

$39,905

Median earning women ± $1,460

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2022 are Public Administration ($78,857), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($72,130), and Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($66,193).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2022 are Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($63,079), Wholesale Trade ($57,663), and Public Administration ($49,664).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Y-Axis

1.6%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 2.95M people employed in Wisconsin. This represents a 1.6% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

Right after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during April 2020, a general dip can be seen across industry sectors, resulting in an overall decline in employment by 13.3%.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Wisconsin.

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Wisconsin went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 49.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (48.8%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.17%).

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing the state of Wisconsin. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI. Showing the available data for Wisconsin.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (49.4%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (48.8%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.17%)
Independent Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Wisconsin went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 49.4% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (48.8%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.17%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Wisconsin for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Wisconsin

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

Ron Johnson

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Tammy Baldwin

Senator from Wisconsin

Assumed office on January 3, 2013

Ron Johnson and Tammy Baldwin are the senators currently representing Wisconsin.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Wisconsin over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin is currently represented by 8 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Wisconsin have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2022, universities in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI awarded 864 degrees. The student population of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI in 2022 is skewed towards women, with 968 male students and 1,726 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are White (743 and 86.2%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (45 and 5.22%), Unknown (26 and 3.02%), and American Indian or Alaska Native (19 and 2.2%).

The largest universities in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI by number of degrees awarded are Saint Norbert College (649 and 75.1%), Bellin College (188 and 21.8%), and Empire Beauty School-Green Bay (27 and 3.13%).

The most popular majors in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI are Registered Nursing (103 and 11.9%), General Business (53 and 6.13%), and General Finance (51 and 5.9%).

The median tuition cost in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI for private four year colleges is $31,677.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2022 in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, the percentage of applicants admitted was 83.7%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 15.7%. The number of students enrolled in 2022 was 2,694 (35.9% men and 64.1% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2022 there were 2,694 students enrolled in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, 35.9% men and 64.1% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 2,243 records, of which 65.7% were women and 34.3% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

Registered Nursing
103 degrees awarded
General Business
53 degrees awarded
General Finance
51 degrees awarded

In 2022, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was Registered Nursing with 103 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Saint Norbert College
649 degrees awarded
Bellin College
188 degrees awarded
Empire Beauty School-Green Bay
27 degrees awarded

In 2022, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Saint Norbert College with 649 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2022, 285 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI, which is 0.492 times less than the 579 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2022 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 743 degrees mean that there were 16.5 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 45 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($31,677) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($875) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2022.

Private not-for-profit, 4-year or above ($1,475) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2022, 0.428% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.218% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI in 2022 were High School or Equivalent (35.9k), Bachelors Degree (30.2k), and Some college (24.5k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was $259,200 in 2022, which is 0.919 times smaller than the national average of $281,900. Between 2021 and 2022 the median property value increased from $226,600 to $259,200, a 14.4% increase. The homeownership rate in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI is 70.3%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.8%.

People in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI have an average commute time of 19.2 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI is $86,092. In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was Waukesha County--West and South Cities, Towns and Villages PUMA, WI with a value of $113,767, followed by Waukesha County--Brookfield, New Berlin, Menomonee Falls, Muskego, Elm Grove & Butler PUMA, WI and Dane County--Cities of Fitchburg & Verona and other near-S/SW/W/NW suburban MCDs PUMA, WI, with respective values of $105,433 and $101,066.

Housing

Property

$259,200

Median Property Value 2022

±$4,159

$45,523

Median Property Taxes

±$1,508

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

70.3%

Homeownership

2022

67%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2022

In 2022, 70.3% of the housing units in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 69.8%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2022, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was Waukesha County--West and South Cities, Towns and Villages PUMA, WI with a value of $113,767, followed by Waukesha County--Brookfield, New Berlin, Menomonee Falls, Muskego, Elm Grove & Butler PUMA, WI and Dane County--Cities of Fitchburg & Verona and other near-S/SW/W/NW suburban MCDs PUMA, WI, with respective values of $105,433 and $101,066.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$86,092

Median Household Income

± $1,621

64.7k

Number of Households

± 2,055

In 2022, the median household income of the 64.7k households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI grew to $86,092 from the previous year's value of $79,901.

The following chart displays the households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.425

2022 Wage GINI in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI

0.421

2021 Wage GINI in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI

In 2022, the income inequality in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was 0.425 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.83% growth from 2021 to 2022, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2022

Drove Alone (81.6%)
Worked At Home (9.7%)
Carpooled (6.5%)

In 2022, 81.6% of workers in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI drove alone to work, followed by those who worked at home (9.7%) and those who carpooled to work (6.5%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

19.2 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI have a shorter commute time (19.2 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.7 minutes). Additionally, 1.45% of the workforce in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

5.54% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI (8.66k out of 156k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is lower than the national average of 12.5%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Males 18 - 24 and then Females 25 - 34.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI is White, followed by Hispanic and Two Or More.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

96.5% of the population of Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI has health coverage, with 63% on employee plans, 7.99% on Medicaid, 13.8% on Medicare, 10.8% on non-group plans, and 0.942% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Wisconsin see 1242 patients per year on average, which represents a 1.04% decrease from the previous year (1255 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1384 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 423 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Wisconsin.

1,242 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Wisconsin

Primary care physicians in Wisconsin see an average of 1,242 patients per year. This represents a 1.04% decrease from the previous year (1,255 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Wisconsin in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2022, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 24.4% under 18 years, 19.6% between 18 and 34 years, 39.4% between 35 and 64 years, and 16.6% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 49.6% were men and 50.4% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

3.5%

Uninsured

63%

Employer Coverage

7.99%

Medicaid

13.8%

Medicare

10.8%

Non-Group

0.942%

Military or VA

Between 2021 and 2022, the percent of uninsured citizens in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI grew by 3.39% from 3.39% to 3.5%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Brown County--Outer Ring of Green Bay City PUMA, WI changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.